[JoGu]

Cyptology

Superimposition: Example

a7Hzq .#5r<
kÜ\as TâÆK$
ûj(Ö2 ñw%h:
Úk{4R f~`z8
¤˜Æ+Ô „&¢Dø

Two Ciphertexts

Consider the two ciphertexts:

   QUQAU TKRUS TJFDS FJYEZ QCRPP STYCT GDJSH SCTZN DMNMN LLRHU
   BYCQB GJACM GKMVJ VXHQV LQJQX DHHCB NGEKU YTSTA BVBWX YOZLI
   BSPFV XZRFD MOZZG SXPHO APNUD XLZRL SRTGE ZYCNZ GYURL LOXMP
   TSOZN HVZFQ RYIYE GMXHG TIOJK LWDNI TZBPC FVRVX WWIXK FVJUY
   NLQBU AHVGG JFWXM OLHCL YTCXC UKXZM SLYXJ CTRQE QDWVT GDGZI
   UMLUD JDKPD UTOBW VJOGH REMZJ VFZOS KJFAL TBIPQ EXXVI AUAYW
   PHLNZ WGASY ZOCLU LQUGL KOGZV BKETY RFQPZ ZZDWG BAFAE MGVAE
   JRYER JXPHM UOAFH EBOEX VPVZE BJMIF OAYRJ AIWSD PBXXC AZARG
   PVEGH ZLDQQ QOMTR AUCDI OQZEG HNOXB YCUCT OIPFL NKKIY VYTZH
   QRYOF HXOFN LTBPK ITZRZ XKWCK GEEEA KWEGF OVPVF ACTGS JIEOC
   IEKJN ZV

(of length 507) and

   CMKBD PURNT PPOJB PKBFS TUJPS TDKAQ SQKBC JQJCA RZGOX SMKYQ
   STVDB EFTSN ZXDFS PWTPB KGDGS NVXWW QLEUJ BOYBD VFRUJ HRLTL
   FYJJS QSRPM ZPZRX RNZUB MIOKG KQBTJ SWFLL MSDLR IFZLD NSRUG
   WZVPY LDWTM BHJKR ZUESV BLGSS ZZPVU ALFEL EIJHZ ZYYRT LRFIL
   ROGUZ WERFO FZIFU TRACJ NEFBE RPWUQ LUFOZ EFKSS AJGZD QHMNK
   FUJQM GVFUG UDWWG YSNSM GHCFA JWQEO NGVKC VOJBB XSCFT QVWXW
   FCODC WVBGY BYKAF FHGNX URJGZ YKNBD HLAYP BRDCA QNAAC IHWVT
   PIMMO OEBUA YHOLZ CYRYB QSPLL OXAKE WQSCK KSZBQ DAOXG UPOZX
   YAJY

(of length 404). Neither the letter count nor the autocoincidence spectrum show any anomalies. Therefore we suspect a polyalphabetic cipher of large period.


Searching for Depth

We search for sections that are encrypted by the same key by calculating coincidence indices (κ). We start with the two texts left aligned and then shift the second (shorter) text to the right one by one position.

0: QUQAUTKRUSTJFDSFJYEZQCRPPSTYCTGDJSHSCTZNDMNMNLLRHU ...
   CMKBDPURNTPPOJBPKBFSTUJPSTDKAQSQKBCJQJCARZGOXSMKYQ ...

1: QUQAUTKRUSTJFDSFJYEZQCRPPSTYCTGDJSHSCTZNDMNMNLLRHU ...
    CMKBDPURNTPPOJBPKBFSTUJPSTDKAQSQKBCJQJCARZGOXSMKYQ ...

2: QUQAUTKRUSTJFDSFJYEZQCRPPSTYCTGDJSHSCTZNDMNMNLLRHU ...
     CMKBDPURNTPPOJBPKBFSTUJPSTDKAQSQKBCJQJCARZGOXSMKYQ ...

...

This gives a sequence of coincidence indices from which the 12 largest of the first 200 are

   CI at position   9 is 0.0594059405940594
   CI at position  36 is 0.0569306930693069
   CI at position  37 is 0.0668316831683168
   CI at position  40 is 0.0618811881188119
   CI at position  63 is 0.0643564356435644
   CI at position 103 is 0.0643564356435644
   CI at position 134 is 0.0563002680965147
   CI at position 145 is 0.0607734806629834
   CI at position 147 is 0.0555555555555556
   CI at position 160 is 0.0576368876080692
   CI at position 181 is 0.0552147239263804
   CI at position 197 is 0.0580645161290323

all others being ≤ 0.055.

We note a peak at the displacement of 37 und would continue with the hypothesis that the two texts are correctly aligned (»in depth«) with this displacement. However from the results on the distribution of κ we know that the variance is large; for random texts of length 400 we have a 95%-quantile of 0.054. Therefore we have to expect many false alarms with growing tendency as the length of the overlapping text segments diminishes for displacements from 103 = 507–404 on.


Author: Klaus Pommerening, 2000-Feb-16; last change: 2014-Feb-16.