![[JoGu]](JGU.png) |
Inventors and Names of Cryptological Procedures |
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Inventors and Names of Cryptological Procedures |
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Why are so many cryptological procedures named after random people instead of their true inventors? See FAQ. This phenomen is also known as Stigler's law of eponymy.
| Inventor | Procedure | Alternative Names | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Antiquity) | Monoalphabetic substitution, respecting word boundaries and punctuation | Aristocrat | A. is the common denomination by ACA |
| ? | Monoalphabetic substitution, with cipher text in groups of fixed length | Patristocrat | P. is the common denomination by ACA |
| Trithemius | Polyalphabetic substitution using standard alphabet and progressive alphabet change | Vigenère Cipher (widespread) | Tools: Trithemius table (tabula recta)—often called »Vigenère Table«— or cipher disk |
| Bellaso | Polyalphabetic substitution using standard alphabet and key-dependent alphabet change | Vigenère Cipher (widespread) | Tools: as above |
| Bellaso | Autokey cipher | Autoclave | Earliest record in 1564. Often attributed to Vigenère |
| Porta | General polyalphabetic substitution | Frequently »Porta Cipher« denotes a special polyalphabetic cipher with fixed alphabets. | |
| Porta | General disk cipher | Quagmire II | Quagmire is the common denomination by ACA for periodic polyalphabetic ciphers. |
| Sestri | Polyalphabetic substitution using reverse standard alphabet | Beaufort Cipher | Specified by Sestri 1710. |
| Ibn ad-Duraihim | Grille | Cardano Grille | Cardano in 16th century is the earliest European source for this procedure. |
| Bacon? | Cipher cylinder | Jefferson Wheel, Bazéries Cylinder, M-94 |
Independently invented several times in history. See the survey. |
| ? | Turning grille | Fleissner Grille | Earliest source 1745 in the Netherlands. Fleissner in 1881 gave a comprehensive description of the procedure. |
| Wadsworth | Cipher disk with rings of different lengths | Wheatstone Machine | Constructed in 1817, having rings with 26 and 33 positions. Wheatstone's device from 1867 had rings with 26 and 27 positions. |
| Wheatstone | Bigraphic substitution using a 5x5 square | Playfair Cipher | |
| Babbage and Kasiski (independently) | Period analysis | Kasiski Test | Babbage had it 10 years earlier than Kasiski, but kept it secret. |
| du Carlet (?) | Kerckhoffs' principle | Maistre Jean Robert du Carlet, La Cryptographie, 1644. | |
| Miller | One-time pad with numbers | Frank Miller's proposal from 1882 remained unnoticed until 2001. | |
| Vernam | XOR with periodically repeated key | Key on a punched tape, agglutinated as an endless tape | |
| Mauborgne | XOR with random one-time key | Vernam Cipher, One Time Pad |
Proposed as enhancement of Vernam's procedure |
| Levine and Hill (independently) | Encryption by linear maps | Hill Cipher, Matrix Encryption |
Levine in 1924 as high-school student for a youth magazine, Hill in 1929 in American Mathematical Monthly. |