The Lightning Nitrogen OXide emissions Submodel calculates the flash
frequencies and resulting emissions of Nitrogen Oxides.
It is assumed that the lightning occurs in correspondence to convective
activity.
For this purpose two parameterisations can be selected:
The parameterisation following Price and Rind, that uses the convective
cloud top height to determine the flash frequency. Different parameters
are applied for convection over the ocean and over land. This
calculation is resolution dependent and must therefore be rescaled.
The second parameterisation by Grewe calculates the flash frequency from
the upward motion within the convective clouds. Also here a rescaling
can/must be applied.
The input parameters for both approaches have to come from the
convection scheme.
The emissions from lightning are determined by parameters describing the
production of NOx per flash. The emissions can be vertically
distributed according to Pickering, taking into account the convective
transport of the emitted species.
For further information please contact the submodel authors and
contributors directly:
Patrick Jöckel
Volker Grewe
Holger Tost
Christian Kurz